Hypoglycemia in People Who Do Not Have Diabetes
Vitamins for Hypoglycemia
Two types of hypoglycemia can occur in people who do not have
diabetes:
* Reactive hypoglycemia,
also called postprandial hypoglycemia, occurs within 4 hours after meals.
* Fasting hypoglycemia, also called post absorptive hypoglycemia, is often related
to an underlying disease.
Symptoms of both reactive and fasting hypoglycemia are
similar to diabetes-related hypoglycemia. Symptoms may include hunger,
sweating, shakiness, dizziness, light-headedness, sleepiness, confusion,
difficulty speaking, anxiety, and weakness.
To find the cause of a patient’s hypoglycemia, the
doctor will use laboratory tests to measure blood glucose, insulin, and other
chemicals that play a part in the body’s use of energy.
Reactive Hypoglycemia
Diagnosis
To diagnose reactive hypoglycemia, the doctor may :
* ask about signs and symptoms
* check to see whether the symptoms ease after the
patient’s blood glucose returns to 70 mg/dL or above after eating or drinking
A blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL at the time of
symptoms and relief after eating will confirm the diagnosis. The oral glucose
tolerance test is no longer used to diagnose reactive hypoglycemia because
experts now know the test can actually trigger hypoglycemic symptoms.
Causes and Treatment
The causes of most cases of reactive hypoglycemia are
still open to debate. Others believe deficiencies in glucagon secretion might
lead to reactive hypoglycemia.
Gastric—or stomach—surgery can cause reactive
hypoglycemia because of the rapid passage of food into the small intestine. Rare
enzyme deficiencies diagnosed early in life, such as hereditary fructose
intolerance, also may cause reactive hypoglycemia.
To relieve reactive hypoglycemia, some health professionals recommend
* eating small meals and snacks about every 3 hours
* eating a variety of foods, including meat, poultry,
fish, or nonmeat sources of protein; starchy foods such as whole-grain bread,
rice, and potatoes; fruits; vegetables; and dairy products
* eating foods high in fiber
* avoiding or limiting foods high in sugar, especially
on an empty stomach
Although some health professionals recommend a diet
high in protein and low in carbohydrates, studies have not proven the
effectiveness of this kind of diet to treat reactive hypoglycemia.
Fasting Hypoglycemia
Diagnosis
Fasting hypoglycemia is diagnosed from a blood sample
that shows a blood glucose level below 50 mg/dL after an overnight fast,
between meals, or after physical activity.
Causes of fasting hypoglycemia include certain
medications, alcoholic beverages, critical illnesses, hormonal deficiencies,
some kinds of tumors, and certain conditions occurring in infancy and
childhood.
Medications. Medications, including some used to treat
diabetes, are the most common cause of hypoglycemia. Other medications that can
cause hypoglycemia include
* sulfa medications, which are used to treat bacterial
infections
* pentamidine, which treats a serious kind of
pneumonia
If using any of these medications causes a person’s
blood glucose level to fall, the doctor may advise stopping the medication or
changing the dose.
Alcoholic beverages. Drinking alcoholic beverages,
especially binge drinking, can cause hypoglycemia. The body’s breakdown of
alcohol interferes with the liver’s efforts to raise blood glucose. Hypoglycemia
caused by excessive drinking can be serious and even fatal.
Critical illnesses. Some illnesses that affect the
liver, heart, or kidneys can cause hypoglycemia. Hormonal deficiencies. Hormonal
deficiencies may cause hypoglycemia in very young children, but rarely in
adults. Shortages of cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon, or epinephrine can
lead to fasting hypoglycemia. Laboratory tests for hormone levels will
determine a diagnosis and treatment. Hormone replacement therapy may be
advised.
Tumors. Insulinomas are insulin-producing tumors in
the pancreas. Insulinomas can cause hypoglycemia by raising insulin levels too
high in relation to the blood glucose level. Laboratory tests can pinpoint the
exact cause. Treatment involves both short-term steps to correct the
hypoglycemia and medical or surgical measures to remove the tumor.
Conditions occurring in infancy and childhood. Children
rarely develop hypoglycemia. * Brief intolerance to fasting, often during an
illness that disturbs regular eating patterns. Persistent hyperinsulinism in
infants or children is a complex disorder that requires prompt evaluation and
treatment by a specialist.
* Enzyme deficiencies that affect carbohydrate
metabolism. * Hormonal deficiencies such as lack of pituitary or adrenal
hormones.
Vitamins for Hypoglycemia...